Hastelloy Steel C276

Allied Metals bring forth Hastelloy Steel C276 which is regarded as the most versatile corrosion resistant alloy. We offer Hastelloy Steel C276 in various specifications to fulfill the variegated needs of our clients. Our Hastelloy Steel C276 is highly appreciated amidst our clients for its strength, durability and temperature resistance.

Characteristics

One of the few alloys resistant to wet chloride gas, hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide solutions
Exceptional resistance to strong solutions of oxidizing salts, such as ferric and cupric chlorides
Not prone to grain boundary precipitation in the as welded condition and therefore suitable for many chemical process applications

Applications

Digesters and bleach plants in the paper industry
Components exposed to sour gas
Equipment for flue-gas desulfurisation plants
Evaporators, heat exchangers, filters and mixers used in sulfuric acid environments Sulfuric acid reactors
Organic chloride process equipment
Equipment for processes utilizing halide or acid catalysts

Product Details

Some typical applications include equipment components in chemical and petrochemical organic chloride processes and processes utilizing halide or acid catalysts. Other industry applications are pulp and paper (digesters and bleach areas), scrubbers and ducting for flue gas desulfurization, pharmaceutical and food processing equipment.
HASTELLOY Alloy C-276 is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy with universal corrosion resistance unmatched by any other alloy. It has outstanding resistance to a wide variety of chemical process environments including ferric and cupric chlorides, hot contaminated mineral acids, solvents, chlorine and chlorine contaminated (both organic and inorganic), dry chlorine, formic and acetic acids, acetic anhydride, sea water and brine solutions and hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide solutions. Alloy C-276 also resists formation of grain boundary precipitates in the weld heat affected zone making it useful for most chemical processes in the as-welded condition. It has excellent resistance to pitting and stress corrosion cracking.
HASTELLOY Alloy C-276 sheet 0.044" thick in the heat-treated condition at 2050°F, rapid quenched, has an average Olsen cup depth of 0.48". C-276 can be successfully fabricated by many methods. The alloy tends to work harden but with the proper care, the alloy is readily hot and cold formed. Complete information on welding, machining and forming is available.

Chemistry

Chemical Requirements
	Ni	Cr	Mn	Mo	C	Si	Fe
Max	Bal.	16.5	1.0	17.0	0.010	0.08	7.0
Min		14.5		15.0			4.0

Tensile Data

Mechanical Property Requirements
	Ultimate Tensile	Yield Strength (0.2% OS)	Elong. in 2 in. (50.8mm) or 4D min,%	R/A	Hardness
Min	100 KSi	41 KSi	40
Max
Min	690 MPa	283 MPa
Max

Ratings
Nickel & cobalt base corrosion, temperature and wear-resistant alloys are classified as moderate to difficult when machining, however, it should be emphasized that these alloys can be machined using conventional production methods at satisfactory rates. During machining these alloys work harden rapidly, generate high heat during cutting, weld to the cutting tool surface and offer high resistance to metal removal because of their high shear strengths. The following are key points which should be considered during machining operations :

Capacity : Machine should be rigid and overpowered as much as possible.
Rigidity : Work piece and tool should be held rigid. Minimize tool overhang.
Tool Sharpness : Make sure tools are sharp at all times. Change to sharpened tools at regular intervals rather than out of necessity. A 0.015 inch wear land is considered a dull tool.
Tools : Use positive rake angle tools for most machining operations. Negative rake angle tools can be considered for intermittent cuts and heavy stock removal. Carbide-tipped tools are suggested for most applications. High speed tools can be used, with lower production rates, and are often recommended for intermittent cuts.
Positive Cuts : Use heavy, constant, feeds to maintain positive cutting action. If feed slows and the tool dwells in the cut, work hardening occurs, tool life deteriorates and close tolerances are impossible.
Lubrication : Lubricants are desirable, soluble oils are recommended especially when using carbide tooling.

Recommended Tool Types and Machining Conditions

Operations	Carbide Tools
Roughing, with severe interruption	Roughing, with severe interruption
Normal roughing	Turning or Facing C-2 or C-3 grade: Negative rate square insert, 45 degree SCEA, 1/32 in nose radius. Tool holder: 5 degree neg. back rake, 5 degree neg. side rake. Speed: 90 sfm depending on rigidity of set up, 0.010 in. feed, 0.150 in. depth of cut. Dry, oil, or water-base coolant.
Finishing	Turning or Facing C-2 or C-3 grade: Positive rake square insert, if possible, 45 degree SCEA, 1/32 in. nose radius. Tool holder: 5 degree pos. back rake, 5 degree pos. side rake. Speed: 95-110 sfm, 0.005-0.007 in. feed, 0.040 in. depth of cut. Dry or water-base coolant.
Rough Boring	C-2 or C-3 grade: If insert type boring bar, use standard positive rake tools with largest possible SCEA and 1/16 in. nose radius. If brazed tool bar, grind 0 degree back rake, 10 degree pos. side rake, 1/32 in. nose radius and largest possible SCEA. Speed: 70 sfm depending on the rigidity of setup, 0.005-0.008 in. feed, 1/8 in. depth of cut. Dry, oil or water-base coolant.
Finish Boring	C-2 or C-3 grade: Use standard positive rake tools on insert type bars. Grind brazed tools as for finish turning and facing except back rake may be best at 0 degrees. Speed: 95-110 sfm, 0.002-0.004 in feed. Water-base coolant.
Facing Milling	Carbide not generally successful, C- grade may work. Use positive axial and radial rake, 45 degree corner angle, 10 degree relief angle. Speed: 50-60 sfm. Feed: 0.005-0.008 in. Oil or waterbase coolants will reduce thermal shock damage of carbide cutter teeth.
End Milling	Not recommended, but C-2 grades may be successful on good setups. Use positive rake. Speed: 50-60 sfm. Feed: Same as high speed steel. Oil or water-base coolants will reduce thermal shock damage.
Drilling	C-2 grade not recommended, but tipped drills may be successful on rigid setup if no great depth. The web must thinned to reduce thrust. Use 135 degree included angle on point. Gun drill can be used. Speed: 50 sfm. Oil or water-base coolant. Coolant-feed carbide tipped drills may be economical in some setups.
Reaming	C-2 or C-3 grade: Tipped reamers recommended, solid carbide reamers require vary good setup. Tool geometry same as high speed steel. Speed: 50 sfm. Feed: Same as high speed steel.
Tapping	Not recommended, machine threads, or roll-form them.
Electrical Discharge Machining	The alloys can be easily cut using any conventional electrical discharge machining system (EDM) or wire (EDM).
Plasma Arc Cutting	Our alloys can be cut using any conventional plasma arc cutting system. The best arc quality is achieved using a mixture of argon and hydrogen gases. Nitrogen gas can be substituted for hydrogen gases, but the cut quality will deteriorate slightly. Shop air or any oxygen bearing gases should be avoided when plasma cutting these alloys.

Note

SCEA - Side cutting edge angle or lead angle of the tool.
At any point where dry cutting is recommended, an air jet directed on the tool may provide substantial tool life increases. A water-base coolant mist may also be effective.
Oil coolant should be premium quality, sulfochlorinated oil with extreme pressure additives. A viscosity at 100 degrees F from 50 to 125 SSU.
Water-base coolant should be premium quality, sulfochlorinated water soluble oil or chemical emulsion with extreme pressure additives. Dilute with water to make 15:1 mix. Water-base coolant may cause chipping and rapid failure of carbide tools in interrupted cuts.
M-40 series High Speed Steels include M-41 , M-42, M-43, M-44, M-45 and M-46 at the time of writing. Others may be added and should be equally suitable.
Oil coolants should be a premium quality, sulfochlorinated oil with extreme pressure additives. A viscosity at 100 degree F from 50 to 125 SSU.
Water-base coolants should be premium quality, sulfochlorinated water soluble oil or chemical emulsion with extreme pressure additives. Dilute with water to make 15:1 mix.